Travel to
Russia:
Russia tourist information with details about travel to and around the country. Where to
stay and what to see is made easier with insider tips and hand-selected Russia links, by
dedicated editors and visitors to TravelNotes.org - The Online Guide to Travel.
The capital of Russia is Moscow.
Buy
a Map of Russia.
The flag of Russia is three equal horizontal bands of white (top),
blue, and red.
Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able
to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually
conquer and absorb surrounding principalities.
In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy
of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under Peter I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was
extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire.
During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in
Europe and Asia.
Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to
widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow, in
1917, of the imperial household.
The Communists under Vladimir Lenin seized power soon after and formed
the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif Stalin (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and
Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives.
The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades
until General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and
perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernise Communism, but his initiatives
inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14
other independent republics (CIS).
Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic
political system and market economy to replace the social, political, and economic
controls of the Communist period. While some progress has been made on the economic front,
and Russia's management of its windfall oil wealth has improved its financial standing,
recent years have seen a decentralisation of power under Vladimir Putin and democratic
institutions remain weak.
Russia has severely weakened the Chechen rebel movement, and has
shifted its focus to socio-economic development in the depressed North Caucasus region.
Administrative Divisions
Administrative divisions have the same names as their
administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in
parentheses).
2 federal cities:
(goroda, singular - gorod)
Moscow (Moskva); Saint Petersburg (Sankt-Peterburg).
7 krays:
(krayev, singular - kray)
Altay (Barnaul); Khabarovsk; Krasnodar; Krasnoyarsk; Permskiy;
Primorskiy (Vladivostok); Stavropol'
9 autonomous okrugs:
(avtonomnykh okrugov, singular - avtonomnyy okrug)
Aga Buryat (Aginskoye); Chukotka (Anadyr'); Evenk (Tura); Khanty-Mansi;
Koryak (Palana); Nenets (Nar'yan-Mar); Taymyr [Dolgano-Nenets] (Dudinka); Ust'-Orda Buryat
(Ust'-Ordynskiy); Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard)
21 republics:
(respublik, singular - respublika)
Adygeya (Maykop); Altay (Gorno-Altaysk); Bashkortostan (Ufa); Buryatiya
(Ulan-Ude); Chechnya (Groznyy); Chuvashiya (Cheboksary); Dagestan (Makhachkala);
Ingushetiya (Magas); Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik); Kalmykiya (Elista);
Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk); Kareliya (Petrozavodsk); Khakasiya (Abakan); Komi
(Syktyvkar); Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola); Mordoviya (Saransk); North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz);
Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk); Tatarstan (Kazan'); Tyva (Kyzyl); Udmurtiya (Izhevsk).
48 oblasts:
(oblastey, singular - oblast)
Amur (Blagoveshchensk); Arkhangel'sk; Astrakhan'; Belgorod; Bryansk;
Chelyabinsk; Chita; Irkutsk; Ivanovo; Kaliningrad; Kaluga; Kamchatka
(Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy); Kemerovo; Kirov; Kostroma; Kurgan; Kursk; Leningrad; Lipetsk;
Magadan; Moscow; Murmansk; Nizhniy Novgorod; Novgorod; Novosibirsk; Omsk; Orenburg; Orel;
Penza; Pskov; Rostov; Ryazan'; Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk); Samara; Saratov; Smolensk;
Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg); Tambov; Tomsk; Tula; Tver'; Tyumen'; Ul'yanovsk; Vladimir;
Volgograd; Vologda; Voronezh; Yaroslavl'.
1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast')
Yevrey [Jewish] (Birobidzhan).
Independence
24th August, 1991 (from Soviet Union).
National Holiday
Russia Day, 12th June.
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